1. Leaky Capacitors

• Symptom (board): Power rails unstable, capacitors bulging or bleeding.
  
• Repair: Replace with fresh caps of proper voltage rating; check dielectric integrity.
  
• Troubleshoot: Old reserves can’t hold charge → rebuild containment, restore boundaries.
  

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2. Shorted Traces

• Symptom: Sudden shutdowns, sparks, overheating; energy dumping unpredictably and uncontrollably.
  
• Repair: Trace inspection, reroute with jumper wire, apply insulation.
  
• Troubleshoot: Unchecked currents bypass safe pathways → establish protective reroutes for stable energy flow.
  

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3. Burnt Resistors

• Symptom: Excess current cooks resistors, leaving blackened, open circuits.
  
• Repair: Swap with correct value & wattage; add current-limiting upstream.
  
• Troubleshoot: Identify burn out, look for darkening on wires or near contact point → rebuild capacity to slow impulses, add upstream safeguards.
  

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4. Faulty Voltage Regulator

• Symptom: Wild swings in voltage, too high or too low; components starved or fried.
  
• Repair: Replace regulator; check for stable reference.
  
• Troubleshoot: Internal regulation broken → reset regulation, recalibrate against a standard reference.
  

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5. Parasitic Loads

• Symptom: Constant drain even when “off”; ghost power draw.
  
• Repair: Identify phantom circuits; remove or isolate.
  
• Troubleshoot: Unseen leaks keep draining energy → cut all input routes, test individually to isolate energy drains.
  

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6. Overheated Chipset

• Symptom: Board locks up under stress; thermal throttling.
  
• Repair: Improve cooling; apply new thermal paste; check airflow.
  
• Troubleshoot: Excessive heat, fume or smoke from processing core → shut down immediately, inspect the board, clean properly, replace outmoded parts, inspect current points, restore one system at a time, eliminate unnecessary drains on memory core and power supply.